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←Starija inačica		Inačica od 00:48, 17. studenoga 2021.
Redak 33:		Redak 33:
	* [[Attila Zoller]] - [[The Horizon Beyond]]		* [[Attila Zoller]] - [[The Horizon Beyond]]
	==Dodatna literatura==		==Dodatna literatura==
	* {{~~cite book~~ \| author=Jost, Ekkehard \| title=Free Jazz \| series=Studies in Jazz Research 4 \| place=Graz \| publisher=Universal Edition \| year=1974 \| isbn=3-7024-0013-3}}		* {{Citiranje knjige \| author=Jost, Ekkehard \| title=Free Jazz \| series=Studies in Jazz Research 4 \| place=Graz \| publisher=Universal Edition \| year=1974 \| isbn=3-7024-0013-3}}
	* {{~~cite book~~ \| author=Litweiler, John \| title=The Freedom Principle: Jazz After 1958 \| place=New York \| publisher=Da Capo Press \| year=1984\|isbn=0-306-80377-1}}		* {{Citiranje knjige \| author=Litweiler, John \| title=The Freedom Principle: Jazz After 1958 \| place=New York \| publisher=Da Capo Press \| year=1984\|isbn=0-306-80377-1}}
	* {{~~cite book~~ \| author=Rivelli, Pauline, and Robert Levin (eds.) \| year=1979 \| title=Giants of Black Music \| place=New York \| publisher=Da Capo Press}} Articles from ''Jazz & Pop Magazine''. Reprint of the 1970 edition, New York: World Publishing Co.		* {{Citiranje knjige \| author=Rivelli, Pauline, and Robert Levin (eds.) \| year=1979 \| title=Giants of Black Music \| place=New York \| publisher=Da Capo Press}} Articles from ''Jazz & Pop Magazine''. Reprint of the 1970 edition, New York: World Publishing Co.
	* {{~~cite book~~ \| author=Sinclair, John, and Robert Levin \| year=1971 \| title=Music & Politics \| place=New York \| publisher=World Publishing Co.}}		* {{Citiranje knjige \| author=Sinclair, John, and Robert Levin \| year=1971 \| title=Music & Politics \| place=New York \| publisher=World Publishing Co.}}
	* {{~~cite book~~ \| author=Sklower, Jedediah \| title=Free Jazz, la catastrophe féconde. Une histoire du monde éclaté du jazz en France (1960-1982) \|series=Collection logiques sociales \| place=Paris \| publisher=Harmattan \| year=2006 \| isbn=2-296-01440-2}}		* {{Citiranje knjige \| author=Sklower, Jedediah \| title=Free Jazz, la catastrophe féconde. Une histoire du monde éclaté du jazz en France (1960-1982) \|series=Collection logiques sociales \| place=Paris \| publisher=Harmattan \| year=2006 \| isbn=2-296-01440-2}}
	* Such, David Glen (1993). ''Avant-Garde Jazz Musicians: Performing "Out There"''. Iowa City: University Of Iowa Press. {{ISBN\|0-87745-432-9}} (cloth) {{ISBN\|0-87745-435-3}} (pbk.).		* Such, David Glen (1993). ''Avant-Garde Jazz Musicians: Performing "Out There"''. Iowa City: University Of Iowa Press. {{ISBN\|0-87745-432-9}} (cloth) {{ISBN\|0-87745-435-3}} (pbk.).
	* Szwed, John F. (2000). ''Jazz 101: A Complete Guide to Learning and Loving Jazz''. New York: Hyperion. {{ISBN\|0-7868-8496-7}}.		* Szwed, John F. (2000). ''Jazz 101: A Complete Guide to Learning and Loving Jazz''. New York: Hyperion. {{ISBN\|0-7868-8496-7}}.

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2021-08-22T05:57:26Z

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[[Datoteka:Ornette-coleman 06N7116sw.jpg|thumb|right|Ornette Coleman, [[Moers Festival]], 2011]]
'''Free jazz''' se javlja krajem 50-tih godina XX. stoljeća i razbija tradicionalni oblik improvizacije. Pokret se temeljio na potpuno slobodnoj improvizaciji. Glazbenici koji sviraju free jazz stilom odbacuju zadanu melodiju, harmoniju, oblik i ne koriste zadanu građu iz tonaliteta. Zvuk je često agresivan, glasan i disonantan.

Prve snimke snimaju grupe Inituition i Digression pod vodstvom Lenny Tristanoa. Probijanje stila počinje sredinom pedesetih godina snimkama [[Ornettea Colemana]] (Something Else i Tomorrow is the question) i prva dva albuma Cecila Taylora (Jazz advance i Looking ahead). Stil postiže najveću slavu kad Ornette Coleman dolazi u New York i izdaje albume "The shape of jazz to come" i "Change of century".

Dva najznačajnija predstavnika su: [[Ornette Coleman]] i [[John Coltrane]]. Drugi glazbenici koji su djelovali su: Sun Ra, Charles Mingus, Jackie McLean, Cecil Taylor, The Jimmy Giuffe Trio, Chico Hamilton.

Od europskih predstavnika ovog pravca treba izdvojiti saksofoniste: Petera Brötzmanna, Evana Parkera, trombonista Connyja Bauera, gitarista Dereka Baileya, pijanista Freda Van Hovea i bubnjara Hana Benninka. Treba izdvojiti i one koji su svoje djelovanje započeli iza željezne zavjese poput: Tomasza Stanka, Zbigniewa Seiferta, te Vjačeslava Ganelina.

==Odabrana diskografija 1960. - 1972.==

* Albert Ayler - Spiritual Unity (1965)
* [[Art Ensemble of Chicago]] - A Jackson in Your House (1969)
* Anthony Braxton - Town Hall 1972
* Peter Brötzmann - [[Machine Gun]] (1968)
* Derek Bailey, [[Barry Guy]], [[Paul Rutherford (Posaunist)|Paul Rutherford]] - Iskra 1903 (1972)
* John Coltrane - [[Ascension (Album)|Ascension]] (1965)
* Ornette Coleman - [[Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation]] (1961)
* Don Cherry - Mu (1&2) (1969)
* [[Jimmy Giuffre]] – [[Free Fall (Jimmy-Giuffre-Album)|Free Fall]] (1963)
* Gunter Hampel: Heartplants (1964)
* Tony Oxley: 4 Compositions for Sextett (1970)
* Michel Portal: Alors (1970)
* Manfred Schoof: Voices (1966)
* [[Alexander von Schlippenbach]]: [[Globe Unity Orchestra|Globe Unity]]
* [[Archie Shepp]] : Mama Too Tight
* [[Alan Silva]] & The Celestrial Communications Orchestra - Seasons
* [[Spontaneous Music Ensemble]] : Oliv (1969)
* Tomasz Stańko - Music for K (1970)
* John Surman - The Trio
* [[Cecil Taylor]]- Conquistador (1966)
* [[Zentralquartett|Synopsis]] - [[Auf der Elbe schwimmt ein rosa Krokodil]]
* [[Attila Zoller]] - [[The Horizon Beyond]]
==Dodatna literatura==
* {{cite book | author=Jost, Ekkehard | title=Free Jazz | series=Studies in Jazz Research 4 | place=Graz | publisher=Universal Edition | year=1974 | isbn=3-7024-0013-3}}
* {{cite book | author=Litweiler, John | title=The Freedom Principle: Jazz After 1958 | place=New York | publisher=Da Capo Press | year=1984|isbn=0-306-80377-1}}
* {{cite book | author=Rivelli, Pauline, and Robert Levin (eds.) | year=1979 | title=Giants of Black Music | place=New York | publisher=Da Capo Press}} Articles from ''Jazz & Pop Magazine''. Reprint of the 1970 edition, New York: World Publishing Co.
* {{cite book | author=Sinclair, John, and Robert Levin | year=1971 | title=Music & Politics | place=New York | publisher=World Publishing Co.}}
* {{cite book | author=Sklower, Jedediah | title=Free Jazz, la catastrophe féconde. Une histoire du monde éclaté du jazz en France (1960-1982) |series=Collection logiques sociales | place=Paris | publisher=Harmattan | year=2006 | isbn=2-296-01440-2}}
* Such, David Glen (1993). ''Avant-Garde Jazz Musicians: Performing "Out There"''. Iowa City: University Of Iowa Press. {{ISBN|0-87745-432-9}} (cloth) {{ISBN|0-87745-435-3}} (pbk.).
* Szwed, John F. (2000). ''Jazz 101: A Complete Guide to Learning and Loving Jazz''. New York: Hyperion. {{ISBN|0-7868-8496-7}}.
* [[Andre Asriel]]: ''Jazz - Aspekte und Analysen.'' Berlin 1985 (4. Aufl.)
* [[Philippe Carles]], [[Jean-Louis Comolli]]: ''Free Jazz, Black Power.'' Wolke, Hofheim 1980 (1971, dt. Übers. 1974. Neuauflage 1980)
* Todd S. Jenkins: ''Free Jazz and Free Improvisation. An Encyclopedia.'' Westport (CT), London: Greenwood Press 2004; {{ISBN|0-313-33313-0}} (Bd. 1, A-J), 0-313-33314-9 (Bd. 2, K-Z)
* [[Ekkehard Jost]]: ''Europas Jazz:1960-80.'' Frankfurt am Main 1987
* [[Bert Noglik]]: ''Improvisierte Musik in der Folge des Free Jazz: Kontinuum - Beliebigkeit - Stilpluralismus.'' In: [[Darmstädter Jazzforum]] 1989, S. 14–22

==Vanjske poveznice==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080515002006/http://www.jazz.com/jazz-blog/2008/2/25/where-did-our-revolution-go-free-jazz-turns-fifty-years-old "Where Did Our Revolution Go? Free Jazz Turns Fifty"] by Ted Gioia, ([http://www.jazz.com Jazz.com]).
* [http://www.furious.com/perfect/jazzpunk.html The Real Godfathers of Punk] by Billy Bob Hargus (July 1996).
* [http://knol.google.com/k/robert-levin/free-jazz-the-jazz-revolution-of-the-60s/2qznwqwvq671i/2# Free Jazz: The Jazz Revolution of the '60s by Robert Levin (June 2006).]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707153826/http://approxim.com/JAZZ.html "A new approach to Jazz"]

[[Kategorija:Jazz]]

Free jazz - Povijest promjena

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