WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica

2021-08-21T06:38:33Z

Bot: Automatski unos stranica

Nova stranica

'''General''' (od [[latinski|lat.]] ''generalis'' - opći) je osoba koja se nalazi u vrhu [[vojska|vojne]] ili, nešto rjeđe, [[policija|policijske]] [[hijerarhija|hijerarhije]]. [[Vojni čin|Čin]] generala karakterističan je za [[kopnena vojska|kopnenu vojsku]] i [[ratno zrakoplovstvo]], i poznaju ga gotovo sve vojske svijeta. U [[ratna mornarica|ratnoj mornarici]] odgovara mu čin [[admiral]]a. Pojam ''general'' u nekim vojskama označava određeni vojni čin, ali najčešće se koristi kao skupni naziv za najviši zapovjedni kadar oružanih snaga ('''''generalitet''''').<ref>[http://proleksis.lzmk.hr/22975/ Proleksis enciklopedija] (pristupljeno 28.6.2013.)</ref>

Čin generala pojavio se u vojnoj [[povijest]]i kao naziv za visokog časnika koji je zapovijedao cjelokupnom vojskom (''in general''), a proširio se u vrijeme nastanka i organizacije prvih profesionalnih vojski u [[17. stoljeće|17. stoljeću]]. General zapovjeda velikim složenim vojnim postrojbama ([[brigada]]ma, [[zbor (vojska)|zborovima]], [[armija]]ma), pojedinim granama vojske (npr. kopnenom vojskom, ratnim zrakoplovstvom), ili se nalazi na drugim vrhovnim zapovjednim mjestima [[oružane snage|oružanih snaga]] (prije svega na čelu glavnog stožera, ili vojnim ustanovama).

U različitim vojskama postoje različiti stupnjevi generalskih činova (3 do 5, ovisno o vojsci). Prema [[NATO]]-voj klasifikaciji ([[STANAG]] 2116), generalski činovi nose oznake od OF-6 do OF-10.

== Usporedni generalski činovi ==
Prikaz generalskih činova u nekim vojskama, uključujući i neke povijesne:
{|class="wikitable"
!width="16%" align="left" |Zemlja
!width="16%" align="center" |OF-10
!width="16%" align="center" |OF-9
!width="16%" align="center" |OF-8
!width="16%" align="center" |OF-7
!width="16%" align="center" |OF-6
|-
|{{ZD+X/A|ALB}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Gjeneral
|align="center" |Gjenerallejtnant
|align="center" |Gjeneralmajor
|align="center" |Gjeneralbrigad
|-
|{{ZD+X/A|ARG}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Teniente General
|align="center" |General de División
|align="center" |General de Brigada
|align="center" |Coronel Mayor
|-
|{{ZD+X/A|AUT}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Generalleutnant
|align="center" |Generalmajor
|align="center" |Brigadier
|-
|{{ZD+X/B|BJE}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |General-polkovnik
|align="center" |General-leytenant
|align="center" |General-mayor
|-
|{{ZD+X/B|BEL}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Général Generaal
|align="center" |Lieutenant-général Luitenant-generaal
|align="center" |Général-major Generaal-majoor
|align="center" |Général de Brigade Brigadegeneraal
|-
|{{ZD+X/B|BRA}}
|align="center" |Marechal
|align="center" |General-de-Exército
|align="center" |General-de-Divisao
|align="center" |General-de-Brigada
|align="center" | 
|-
|-
|{{ZD+X/B|BUG}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |генерал
|align="center" |генерал-лейтенант
|align="center" |генерал-майор
|align="center" |бригаден генерал
|-
|{{ZD+X/Č|ČEŠ}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |armádní generál
|align="center" |generálporučík
|align="center" |generálmajor
|align="center" |brigádní generál
|-
|{{ZD+X/D|DAN}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Generalløjtnant
|align="center" |Generalmajor
|align="center" |Brigadegeneral
|-
|{{ZD+X/E|EST}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |Kindral
|align="center" |Kindralleitnant
|align="center" |Kindralmajor
|align="center" |Brigaadikindral
|-
|{{ZD+X/K|KAN}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |General général
|align="center" |Lieutenant-General Lieutenant-général
|align="center" |Major-General major-général
|align="center" |Brigadier-General brigadier-général
|-
|{{ZD+X/K|KIN}}
|align="center"|
|align="center" |Shang Jiang 上将
|align="center"|Zhong Jiang 中将
|align="center"|Shao Jiang 少将
|align="center"|Da Xiao 大校
|-
|Kina 1950ih
|align="center"|Yuan Shuai 元帅
|align="center" |Da Jiang 大将
|align="center"|Shang Jiang 上将
|align="center"|Zhong Jiang 中将
|align="center"|Shao Jiang 少将
|-
|{{ZD+X/F|FIN}}3
|align="center" |Sotamarsalkka Fältmarskalk
|align="center" |Kenraali General
|align="center" |Kenraaliluutnantti Generallöjtnant
|align="center" |Kenraalimajuri Generalmajor
|align="center" |Prikaatikenraali Brigadgeneral
|-
|{{ZD+X/F|FRA}}
|align="center" |Maréchal de France
|align="center" |Général d'Armée
|align="center" |Général de Corps d´Armée
|align="center" |Général de Division
|align="center" |General de Brigade
|-
|{{ZD+X/G|GRČ}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |Στρατηγός (Stratigos)
|align="center" |Αντιστράτηγος (Antistratigos)
|align="center" |Υποστράτηγος (Ypostratigos)
|align="center" |Ταξίαρχος (Taxiarchos)

|-
|{{ZD+X/M|MAĐ}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |Vezérezredes
|align="center" |Altábornagy
|align="center" |Vezérőrnagy
|align="center" |Dandártábornok
|-
|{{ZD+X/N|NJE}}
|align="center" |Generalfeldmarschall
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Generalleutnant
|align="center" |Generalmajor
|align="center" |Brigadegeneral
|-
|Njemačko Carstvo
|align="center"|Generalfeldmarschall
|align="center"|Generaloberst
|align="center"|General der Infanterie
|align="center"|Generalleutnant
|align="center"|Generalmajor
|-
|Nacistička Njemačka (Wehrmacht)
|align="center"|Reichsmarschall des Großdeutschen Reiches
----
Generalfeldmarschall
|align="center"|Generaloberst
|align="center"|General der Infanterie
|align="center"|Generalleutnant
|align="center"|Generalmajor
|-
|Nacistička Njemačka (SS postojbe)
|align="center"|Reichsführer-SS
|align="center"|Oberstgruppenführer
|align="center"|Obergruppenführer
|align="center"|Gruppenführer
|align="center"|Brigadeführer
|-
|{{ZD+X/I|IZR}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Rav-aluf
|align="center" |Aluf
|align="center" |Tat-aluf
|-
|{{ZD+X/I|ITA}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |Generale
|align="center" |Generale di Corpo d'Armata
|align="center" |Generale di Divisione
|align="center" |Generale di Brigata
|-
|{{ZD+X/I|ITA}} ([[1923.]] – [[1946.]])
|align="center" |Maresciallo d'Italia
|align="center" |Generale (design.) d'Armata
|align="center" |Generale di Corpo d'Armata
|align="center" |Generale di Divisione
|align="center" |Generale di Brigata
|-
|Japansko Carstvo
|align="center"|Gensui 元帥
|align="center"|Taishō 大将
|align="center"|Chūjō 中将
|align="center"|Shōshō 少将
|
|-
|{{ZD+X/J|JAP}}
|align="center"| 
|align="center"|Rikujō Bakuryōchō taru Rikushō 陸上幕僚長たる陸将
|align="center"|Rikushō 陸将
|align="center"|Rikushōho 陸将補
|align="center"| 
|-
|{{ZD+X/J|JOR}}4
|align="center"|Musheer (Field Marshal)
|align="center"|Fariq Awwal (General)
|align="center"|Fariq (Lieutenant General)
|align="center"|Liwa'a (Major General)
|align="center"|A'mid (Brigadier General)
|-
|{{ZD+X/L|LAT}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Ģenerālleitnants
|align="center" |Ģenerālmajors
|align="center" |Brigādes ģenerālis
|-
|{{ZD+X/L|LIT}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Generolas leitenantas
|align="center" |Generolas majoras
|align="center" |Brigados generolas
|-
|{{ZD+X/M|MALE}}
|align="center" |Marshal Darat
|align="center" |Jeneral
|align="center" |Leftenan Jeneral
|align="center" |Mejar Jeneral
|align="center" |Brigedier Jeneral
|-
|{{ZD+X/N|NIZ}}
|align="center" |Veldmaarschalk
|align="center" |Generaal
|align="center" |Luitenant-generaal
|align="center" |Generaal-majoor
|align="center" |Brigade-generaal
|-
|{{ZD+X/N|NZL}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Lieutenant General
|align="center" |Major General
|align="center" |Brigadier
|-
|{{ZD+X/J|JKO}}
|align="center"|Daewŏnsu
----
Konghwagukwŏnsu
----
Inmingunwŏnsu
|align="center"|Chasu
----
Daejang
|align="center"|Sangjang
|align="center"|Jungjang
|align="center"|Sojang
|-
|{{ZD+X/N|NOR}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Generalløytnant
|align="center" |Generalmajor
|align="center" |Brigader
|-
|{{ZD+X/P|PAK}}
|align="center" |Field Marshal
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Lieutenant-General
|align="center" |Major-General
|align="center" |Brigadier
|-
|{{ZD+X/P|POLJ}}
|align="center" |Marszałek Polski
|align="center" |Generał
|align="center" |Generał broni
|align="center" |Generał dywizji
|align="center" |Generał brygady
|-
|{{ZD+X/P|POR}}
|align="center" |Marechal
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Tenente-general
|align="center" |Major-general
|align="center" |Brigadeiro-general
|-
|{{ZD+X/R|RUM}}
|align="center" |Mareşal
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |General-locotenent
|align="center" |General-maior
|align="center" |General de brigadă
|-
|{{ZD+X/R|RUS}}
|align="center" |Marshal Rossiykoy Federatsii
|align="center" |General armii/Marshal
|align="center" |General-polkovnik
|align="center" |General-leytenant
|align="center" |General-mayor
|-
|Rusko Carstvo
|align="center"|General-feldmarshal
|align="center"|General ot infanterii (kavalerii, artilerii)
|align="center"|General-leytenant
|align="center"|General-mayor
|align="center"|Brigadir (od 1798)
|-
|{{ZD+X/S|SLK}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |Generál
|align="center" |Generálporučík
|align="center" |Generálmajor
|align="center" |Brigádny Generál
|-
|{{ZD+X/S|SLO}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Generalpodpolkovnik
|align="center" |Generalmajor
|align="center" |Brigadir
|-
|{{ZD+X/S|SRB}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |General-potpukovnik
|align="center" |General-major
|align="center" |Brigadni general
|-
|align="left" |[[Singapur]]
|align="center" | 
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Lieutenant General
|align="center" |Major General
|align="center" |Brigadier General
|-
|{{ZD+X/J|JAR}}
|align="center"| 
|align="center"|General
|align="center"|Lieutenant General
|align="center"|Major General
|align="center"|Brigadier General
|-
|{{ZD+X/J|JKO}}
|align="center"|Wonsu
|align="center"|Daejang
|align="center"|Jungjang
|align="center"|Sojang
|align="center"|Junjang
|-
|{{ZD+X/S|SSSR}}
|align="center"|Marshal Sovietskogo Soyuza
----
General Armii/Marshal
|align="center"|General-polkovnik
|align="center"|General-leytenant
|align="center"|General-mayor
|
|-
|{{ZD+X/Š|ŠPA}}
|align="center" |Capitan General
|align="center" |General de Ejercito
|align="center" |Teniente General
|align="center" |General de división
|align="center" |General de Brigada
|-
|{{ZD+X/Š|ŠVE}}
|align="center" |Fältmarskalk
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Generallöjtnant
|align="center" |Generalmajor
|align="center" |Brigadgeneral5
|-
|{{ZD+X/T|TAJV}}
|align="center"|Tejishangjiang
|align="center"|Yiji-Shangjiang
|align="center"|Erji-Shangjiang
|align="center"|Zhongjiang
|align="center"|Shaojiang
|-
|{{ZD+X/T|TAJ}}
|align="center" |Chom Phon
|align="center" |Phon Ek
|align="center" |Phon Tho
|align="center" |Phon Tri
|align="center" |Phan Ek Phiset
|-
|{{ZD+X/T|TUR}}
|align="center" |Mareşal
|align="center" |Genel Kurmay Başkanı
----
Orgeneral
|align="center" |Korgeneral
|align="center" |Tümgeneral
|align="center" |Tuğgeneral
|-
|{{ZD+X/U|UK}}
|align="center" |Field Marshal
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Lieutenant-General
|align="center" |Major-General
|align="center" |Brigadier
|-
|{{ZD+X/S|SAD}}
|align="center" |General of the Army
|align="center" |General
|align="center" |Lieutenant General
|align="center" |Major General
|align="center" |Brigadier General
|-
|{{ZD+X/V|VIJ}}
|align="center" | 
|align="center" |Dai Tuong
|align="center" |Thuong Tuong
|align="center" |Trung Tuong
|align="center" |Thieu Tuong
|}

== Hrvatska ==
U [[OSRH|Oružanim snagama Republike Hrvatske]] postoje pet generalskih činova:
{|class="wikitable"
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-10
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-9
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-8
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-7
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-6
|-
|align="center" |[[Datoteka:StoBEerni general.jpg|80px]]
|align="center" |[[Datoteka:General zbora.jpg|80px]]
|align="center" |[[Datoteka:General pukovnik.jpg|80px]]
|align="center" |[[Datoteka:General bojnik.jpg|80px]]
|align="center" |[[Datoteka:Brigadni general.jpg|80px]]
|-
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''stožerni general'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''general zbora'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''general pukovnik'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''general bojnik'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''brigadni general'''''
|}

Prema važećem ''Zakonu o službi u oružanim snagama'', [[brigadir]] (najviši viši časnički čin u OSRH) može biti promaknut u čin brigadnoga generala (najniži generalski čin u OSRH), ako ispunjava uvjete:
* ima visoku stručnu spremu i odgovarajuću vojnu školu,
* u činu brigadira provede 4 godine i u tom razdoblju bude ocijenjen najmanje konačnom ocjenom »ističe se«.

[[Brigadni general]] može biti promaknut u čin general bojnika ispunjava uvjete:
* ima visoku stručnu spremu,
* ima odgovarajuću vojnu školu,
* u činu brigadnoga generala provede najmanje 3 godine.
Isto vrijedi i za promaknuće u čin [[general pukovnik]]a, [[general zbora|generala zbora]] i [[stožerni general|stožernog generala]].

Do [[1999.]] godine postojala su četiri generalska čina u Hrvatskoj vojsci:
{|class="wikitable"
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-10
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-9
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-8
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-7
!width="20%" align="center" |OF-6
|-
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''stožerni general'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''general zbora'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''general pukovnik'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"| '''''general bojnik'''''
! style="background:#98FB98;"|
|}

== Poveznice ==
* [[Vojni čin]]
* [[Činovi Hrvatske vojske]]
* [[Admiral]]
* [[Popis hrvatskih generala]]

== Izvori ==
{{izvori}}

[[Kategorija:Vojni činovi i titule]]

General - Povijest promjena

WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica