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Kladogram - Povijest promjena
2026-05-25T03:32:15Z
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2021-11-02T05:39:55Z
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https://croatianschoolsydney.com/index.php?title=Kladogram&diff=212226&oldid=prev
WikiSysop: Bot: Automatski unos stranica
2021-10-10T23:14:04Z
<p>Bot: Automatski unos stranica</p>
<p><b>Nova stranica</b></p><div><!--'''Kladogram'''-->:''Za pomoć o tome kako rabiti kladograme na Wikipediji vidi [[predložak:klad|pomoć: kladogrami]].''<br />
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[[datoteka:cladogram-example1.svg|thumb|250px|vodoravni kladogram, s pretkom (neimenovanim) slijeva]]<br />
[[datoteka:identical cladograms.svg|thumb|250px|dva okomita kladograma, predak je pri dnu]]<br />
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'''Kladogram''' je dijagram rabljen u [[kladistika|kladistici]] koji pokazuje veze među organizmima. Kladogram nije, međutim, [[evolucijsko drvo]] jer ne pokazuje kako su predci povezani s potomcima ili koliko su se promijenili; mnoga evolucijska drva mogu se inferirati iz pojedinačnog kladograma.<ref name=mayr>Mayr, (1974) Cladistic analysis or cladistic classification</ref><ref name=Foote>Foote, (1996) On the probability of ancestors in the fossil record.</ref><ref name=Dayrat>Dayrat, (2005) Ancestor-descendant relationships and the reconstruction of the tree of life</ref><ref name=PC>Posada and Crandall, (2001) Intraspecific gene genealogies: trees grafting into networks</ref><ref name=Podani>Podani, (2012) Tree thinking, time and topology: comments on the interpretation of tree diagrams in evolutionary/phylogenetic systematics</ref> Kladogram rabi linije koje se granaju u različitim smjerovima završavajući na [[klad|grupama organizama]]. Postoji mnogo oblika kladogramâ, no svi oni imaju linije koje se granaju od drugih linija. Te se linije mogu pratiti unatrag do mjesta na kojem se granaju. Te točke grananja predstavljaju hipotetična pretka (ne stvarno biće) koji bi imao kombinirane crte linija iznad toga.<ref name=PC></ref><ref name=sc>Schuh (1999), Biological Systematics: Principles and Applications</ref> Taj hipotetični predak mogao bi potom pružiti tragove o tome za čim tragati u stvarna evolucijskog pretka. Iako su se tradicionalno takvi kladogrami stvarali uglavnom na osnovi morfoloških karakteristika, podatci dobiveni sekvenciranjem [[DNA]] i [[RNA]] te [[računarska filogenija|računarskom filogenijom]] danas se vrlo često rabe u izradi kladograma.<br />
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== Više informacija ==<br />
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* [[filogeneza]]<br />
* [[dendrogram]]<br />
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== Izvori ==<br />
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{{izvori}}<br />
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== Vanjske poveznice ==<br />
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*{{commonscat|Cladograms|kladogrami}}<br />
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[[kategorija:sistematika]]<br />
[[kategorija:evolucijska biologija]]</div>
WikiSysop